鉴定报告： 琴键有5个半八度（Octaves），黑白琴键共有68个，音板是取自树龄百年以上加拿大云杉（Canadian Spruce)，音桥完整，击旋机零件完整
鉴定证书： 英国布里斯托古董钢琴修复专家签名证书：Lucy Coad
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钢琴制造公司简介：
George Astor & Co，乔治.阿斯特














Astor, George
Woodwind instrument maker, piano dealer and music seller. (fl. 1779-1813) He Traded as George Astor & Co initially at Holywell Street in 1779 as a woodwind instrument maker moving to 26 Wych Street and from 1796 at 79 Cornhill.  Astor referred to himself in the 1790’s as “manufacturer of grand and small piano fortes” but he was not a maker but sold instruments made by John Geib and others under his own name. He also sold musical instruments to the military.  In 1801 the partners with George Astor were George Horwood and Benjamin Banks.  After George Astor died in 1813, the company became Astor and Horwood.  18th century trade directories gave his business as musical instrument maker.  An advertisement that appeared in “The Times” on 9th May 1799 was as follows:

“IMPROVED PIANO FORTES, with extra additional keys – GEORGE ASTOR, Manufacturer of Grand and Small Piano Fortes, 79 Cornhill, respectfully begs leave to recommend to the notice of the Nobility and Amateurs of Music in general his newly and much-improved Piano Fortes with Patent or Double Action and additional notes being an octave higher than the usual scale and possessing a superior brilliancy and sweetness of tone. Also his Grand and Small Piano Fortes, equal (in materials, workmanship, and richness of tone) to any manufactured: with every article in the Musical Line considerably under the regular prices”.

The double action pianofortes to which Astor refers in this advertisement are square pianos made by John Geib and possibly Thomas Culliford that were primarily being manufactured for Longman & Broderip.  The additional keys refers to the extension of keyboard compass from 5 to 5 1/2 octaves